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Overeating after Fasting = Fat GAIN - Thomas DeLauer
A study published in the journal Cell found that overeating has a harmful effect on the body's metabolism - it may destroy your body's regular metabolic response
In your body there is a molecule called RNA-dependent protein kinase, or PKR, which points out and fights viruses with other molecules, but if you overeat, it also attacks metabolism
When you eat too much, excess nutrients attack cells that contain PKR, and its response is to fight back by shutting down metabolism because all of these extra nutrients are perceived as a threat
This can lead to metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity.
Note: Although the study was performed on mice, researchers stated that it gives them a better understanding of PKR and the side effects of overeating
More In Depth
Overeating in mice triggers a molecule once considered to be only involved in detecting and fighting viruses to also destroy normal metabolism, leading to insulin resistance and setting the stage for diabetes
When mice eat a normal diet, this molecule called PKR is silent; however, if a cell containing PKR is bombarded with too many nutrients, PKR grabs other immune system molecules that respond to this food attack and organizes a “firing squad” to shoot down normal processes, leading to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction
The results provide evidence that a process called "metaflammation" occurs in the body - metaflammation is inflammation triggered by the metabolism of nutrients that occurs when the body processes food into energy
It’s known that nutrients can be detrimental in excess quantities or when they are in the wrong place at the wrong time, but what isn’t as clear is which paths they travel through that result in harm and produce inflammation
PKR is a mechanism by which nutrients - necessary and beneficial under normal conditions - cause damage to cells and organs."
The researchers used sets of mice in their experiments: One set had PKR in its bodies, and the other set did not
The researchers then overfed a group of PKR-positive and PKR-negative mice high-fat, high-calorie diets
The overfed mice with PKR became obese and developed insulin resistance, while the overfed mice without PKR gained significantly less weight and did not develop insulin resistance, indicating that absence of PKR can alleviate harmful metabolic effects due to overeating in mice
Overeating & Brain Function
Brain insulin is what suppresses lipolysis, a process during which triglycerides in fat tissue are broken down and fatty acids are released
When lipolysis is unrestrained, fatty acid levels are elevated
Once you overeat, your brain develops insulin resistance - since brain insulin controls lipolysis in adipose tissue by reducing sympathetic nervous system outflow to adipose tissue, brain insulin resistance causes increased spillage of fatty acids from adipose tissue into the bloodstream
In this study, published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, researchers fed rats a high-fat diet composed of 10% lard for three consecutive days
This increased their daily caloric intake by up to 50% compared to the control rats that were fed a regular low fat diet
The researchers then infused a tiny amount of insulin into the brains of both groups of rats that they had shown in earlier studies to suppress release of glucose from the liver and fatty acids from fat tissue
They found that overeating impaired the ability of brain insulin to suppress glucose release from the liver and lipolysis in fat tissue
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